If plumb line is marked above observers station then upper point on the celestial sphere is called

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true while taking a change point during levelling?

(i) Foresight is taken before shifting the instrument

(ii) Foresight is taken after shifting the instrument

(iii) Backsight is taken after shifting the instrument

(iv) Backsight is taken before shifting the instrument

10 divisions of the Vernier scale will have the same length as

In an optical square, the two mirrors are placed at an angle of

Systematic errors in surveying are

If net length covered by each photograph is 1.5 km and length of the strip is 18 km, then number of photographs required is

In photographic surveying, the bisectors of an angle between the lines joining the plumb points and principal points intersect the ground and picture planes at ‘I’ and ‘i’ respectively called

Area obtained by which of the following methods will give the same value

The correction for refraction and curvature is __________ and __________ respectively

Clinometer is a hand-held instrument used for