___________ are the end supports to superstructure of bridge which retain earths on their back side which serves as an approach to the bridge.

For bridging gaps in hilly areas _______ bridges are ideal solution.

For bridges of National Highways, the class of loading considered as per IRC is

The advantages of providing bearings in a bridge is/are

(i) To absorb movement of girder

(ii) To spread the load from the superstructure in such a manner that the bearing stress induced on the material is within the permissible limits.

(iii) To take up vertical movement due to sinking of supports

Extradosed bridges combine the characteristics of

The span of the bridge is said to be economical when

Depending on the transmission of loads to joints, bridges are classified as

In erection of bridges the Incremental launching method is used when the bridge decks are greater than

Which of the following are the ideal bridge site characteristics?

i. The stream at the bridge site should be well defined and as broad as possible

ii. There should be no confluence of large tributaries

iii. The flow of water in the stream should be in steady regime conditions

The tracked vehicle loading specified under IRC Class AA originated due to the loading pattern of __________