Stopping sight distance depends on vehicle speed, driver reaction time, braking efficiency, road gradient, and tire-pavement friction; it does not depend on drainage design which is related to water management on road surfaces.

Urban roads experience congestion during peak hours, especially in cities and towns due to school, college, and office timings.

Overloading vehicles incurs a penalty of ₹20,000, plus ₹2,000 per excess ton, as per the Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act, 2019. Overloading damages roads and increases accident risk, so strict penalties are imposed for compliance and public safety.

Clear road markings guide drivers on lane discipline, stopping points, and pedestrian zones, maintaining orderly traffic flow and enhancing safety.

Drivers must yield and stop for pedestrians at crosswalks to ensure pedestrian safety and comply with traffic laws.

Overloading vehicles affects stability and braking ability, increasing the risk of accidents and causing road damage.

A broken white line indicates that overtaking or lane changing is permitted when safe. It helps regulate traffic flow while allowing flexibility under safe conditions.

Adequate tread depth improves traction, especially in wet conditions, reducing the risk of skidding and accidents.

Careful planting of trees near hazardous intersections can give drivers a psychological cue of a dense forest, encouraging them to reduce speed and drive cautiously to avoid conflicts and accidents.

Enforcement includes legal actions against speed violations and compliance monitoring to prevent accidents, often with revised regulations.